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The caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: [kɐɾɐˈvɛlɐ]) is a small sailing ship that may be rigged with just lateen sails, or with a combination of lateen and square sails. It was known for its agility and speed and its capacity for sailing windward ( beating ).
A Spanish galleon (left) firing its cannons at a Dutch warship (right). Cornelis Verbeeck, c. 1618–1620 A Spanish galleon Carracks, galleon (center/right), square rigged caravel (below), galley and fusta (galliot) depicted by D. João de Castro on the "Suez Expedition" (part of the Portuguese Armada of 72 ships sent against the Ottoman fleet anchor in Suez, Egypt, in response to its entry in ...
Caravel (Portuguese) A much smaller, two, sometimes three-masted ship Carrack Three or four masted ship, square-rigged forward, lateen-rigged aft; 14th–16th century successor to the cog Cartel A small boat used to negotiate between enemies Catboat A sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward (i.e., near the bow of the ...
From Middle English carvel, carvelle, carvile, kervel (“small ship; caravel”); from Old French caruelle, carvelle, kirvelle. [3] The term was used in English when caravels became popular in Northern European waters from c. 1440 onwards, and the method of hull construction took the name of the first vessel type made in that way in English and European shipyards.
Square-rigged caravel or caravela de armada, of João Serrão (Livro das Armadas) in the 4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502). The square-rigged caravel (Portuguese: caravela redonda), was a sailing ship created by the Portuguese in the second half of the fifteenth century.
Columbus' Ships (G.A. Closs, 1892): the Santa Maria and Pinta are shown as carracks; the Niña (left) as a caravel. Model of the carrack Madre de Deus , in the Maritime Museum , Lisbon. Built based on another design, later in Portugal (1589), she was one of the largest ship in the world in her time.
It was a larger vessel than the caravel. Columbus's flagship, the Santa María, was a famous example of a carrack. The ships commanded by Vasco da Gama as the São Gabriel, with six sails, a bowsprit, foresail, mizzen, spritsail and two topsails, already had the complete features and the design of the typical carrack.
A popular design of European origin is the carrack, which utilized caravel construction techniques, allowing ships to increase in size dramatically, far past that which was capable with clinker building techniques. [4] Seen throughout the 14th and 15th century, these ships were used for trade between European powers and their foreign markets.