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There are three types of presidential memoranda: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum. [2] Sometimes used interchangeably, an executive order is a more prestigious form of executive action that must cite the specific constitutional or statutory authority the president has to use ...
Considerable internal discussion took place among the President's key civilian advisers, with the main four papers presented to Johnson on 1 July, with a covering memo from Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, McGeorge Bundy. George Ball was the most strongly opposed to escalation. Ball had been, since October 1964, sending ...
National Security Action Memorandum No. 263 was approved by President Kennedy on 11 October. NSAM 263 accepted the military recommendations of McNamara and Taylor, as follows: (1) changes to be accomplished by the government of South Vietnam to improve its military performance; (2) a training program for Vietnamese "so that essential functions can be carried out by Vietnamese by the end of 1965.
President Ngo Dinh Diem and family at his home in Hue (Central Viet Nam).jpg; President Ngo Dinh Diem on an inspection tour 350 km from Saigon (December, 1956).jpg; Portrait of Ngô Đình Diệm, from the book Ngo Dinh Diem of Viet-Nam.jpg; President Ngo Dinh Diem with the troops who defeated the Binh-Xuyen at Rung-Sat (May, 1955).jpg
Hồ Chí Minh, the first president, became president in 1945 after Vietnam's declaration of independence. Tô Lâm is the shortest-serving president, with 152 days (from May 22, 2024 to October 21, 2024) if not counting interim presidents. Hồ Chí Minh had the longest time as president, with 24 years from 1945 to his death in 1969.
If the president becomes unable to discharge duties of office, the vice president will assume the acting presidency on an interim basis until the president resumes duty, or until the election of a new president by the National Assembly. Vice President Võ Thị Ánh Xuân served as acting president of Vietnam twice, in 2023 and 2024.
The Government was headed by the president, which was the second highest position in Vietnam. Under the president was the Cabinet, which was headed by the prime minister ( Thủ tướng ). From 1959 to 1980, based on the 1959 Constitution , the executive branch was named as the Council of Government ( Hội đồng Chính phủ ).
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu ( Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋʷǐənˀ vān tʰîəwˀ] ⓘ; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975.