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A justice of the peace in Taos County, New Mexico, United States, hears a case (1941). A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning.
A constable is a peace officer who serves as a marshal for the justice of the peace court. Their duties include serving warrants and summons, collecting garnishments and processing evictions.
The role of justice of the peace, now often known as magistrates, originates from the Justices of the Peace Act 1361. The powers and responsibilities of them have altered over their long history. A justice of the peace held powerful sentencing powers such as hanging, whipping and penal transportation. Justices of the peace gained an array of ...
A justice of the peace may sit at any magistrates' court in England and Wales, but in practice, they are appointed to their local bench (a colloquial and legal term for the local court). Justices of the peace will normally sit as a panel of three, with two as a minimum in most cases, except those cases dealt with under the single justice procedure.
Allor v. Wayne County Auditor. 43 Mich. 76 (1880). However their role was vastly altered upon adoption of the constitution of 1963 when their office was deleted as was the office of justice of the peace. They were not named as officers of the new district court. And by the end of the 1970s their election was no longer statutorily mandated.
The titles "magistrate" and "justice of the peace" are interchangeable terms for basically the same thing, although today the former is commonly used in the popular media, and the latter in more formal contexts. Magistrates sit in tribunals or "benches" composed of no more than three members.
The Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007 enabled the Scottish Ministers to replace district courts by "justice of the peace courts". [3] The justice of the peace courts are managed by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service. Responsibility for the courts was transferred from the local authorities in a rolling programme of ...
This category is for justices of the peace in the United States which are judicial officers.. In some states, such as Texas, Kentucky, and Arkansas a "justice of the peace" is a legislative office equivalent to a county commissioner, not a judicial office.