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The phase-contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. It is one of the few methods available to quantify cellular structure and components without using fluorescence. [1] After its invention in the early 1930s, [2] phase-contrast microscopy proved to be such an ...
Phase-contrast imaging is the highest resolution imaging technique ever developed, and can allow for resolutions of less than one angstrom (less than 0.1 nanometres). It thus enables the direct viewing of columns of atoms in a crystalline material. [20] [21] The interpretation of phase-contrast images is not a straightforward task.
X-ray absorption (left) and differential phase-contrast (right) image of an in-ear headphone obtained with a grating interferometer at 60kVp. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images.
Quantitative phase contrast microscopy or quantitative phase imaging are the collective names for a group of microscopy methods that quantify the phase shift that occurs when light waves pass through a more optically dense object. [1] [2] Translucent objects, like a living human cell, absorb and scatter small amounts of light.
TEM Ray Diagram with Phase Contrast Transfer Function. Contrast transfer theory provides a quantitative method to translate the exit wavefunction to a final image. Part of the analysis is based on Fourier transforms of the electron beam wavefunction. When an electron wavefunction passes through a lens, the wavefunction goes through a Fourier ...
In this case, the results are reported per microliter (/μL). [93] Urine is traditionally examined by light microscopy, but some laboratories use phase-contrast microscopes, which improve the visualization of elements such as urinary casts and mucus. Urine can also be stained before analysis to make its components easier to identify. [91]
For disambiguation, the technique is also often referred to as phase contrast transmission electron microscopy, although this term is less appropriate. At present, the highest point resolution realised in high resolution transmission electron microscopy is around 0.5 ångströms (0.050 nm). [3]
The phase-contrast microscope was popularized through a series of time-lapse movies (see video), recorded using a photographic film camera. [12] Its inventor, Frits Zernike, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953. [13] Other later phase-contrast techniques used to observe unstained cells are Hoffman modulation and differential interference ...