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Sea smoke, frost smoke, [1] or steam fog [2] is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water. Arctic sea smoke [3] is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice. [4] It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water.
The water vapor produces the sea smoke fog and is usually misty and smoke-like. [30] Garúa fog near the coast of Chile and Peru [31] occurs when typical fog produced by the sea travels inland but suddenly meets an area of hot air. This causes the water particles of fog to shrink by evaporation, producing a "transparent mist".
Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...
Fog is commonly considered a surface-based cloud layer. [21] The fog may form at surface level in clear air or it may be the result of a very low stratus cloud subsiding to ground or sea level. Conversely, low stratiform clouds result when advection fog is lifted above surface level during breezy conditions.
Here, the falling air is warming adiabatically, and so the fog re-evaporates as it falls. [ citation needed ] Katabatic wind in Antarctica A katabatic wind (named from Ancient Greek κατάβασις ( katábasis ) 'descent') is a downslope wind caused by the flow of an elevated, high-density air mass into a lower-density air mass below under ...
Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation; their water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate, so fog and mist do not fall. (Such a non-precipitating combination is a colloid .) Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated with water vapor: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air.
Diagram showing displacement of the Sun's image at sunrise and sunset Comparison of inferior and superior mirages due to differing air refractive indices, n. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1]
Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. [2] Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air.