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Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. [1] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate.
Academic skepticism refers to the skeptical period of the Academy dating from around 266 BCE, when Arcesilaus became scholarch, until around 90 BCE, when Antiochus of Ascalon rejected skepticism, although individual philosophers, such as Favorinus and his teacher Plutarch, continued to defend skepticism after this date.
The aphorism "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", according to psychologist Patrizio Tressoldi, "is at the heart of the scientific method, and a model for critical thinking, rational thought and skepticism everywhere". [5] [6] [7] It has also been described as a "fundamental principle of scientific skepticism". [8]
Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a family of philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge. [1] [2] It differs from other forms of skepticism in that it even rejects very plausible knowledge claims that belong to basic common sense.
The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle. Third enlarged edition, Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-19-510768-3. (Earlier editions published as The History of Scepticism From Erasmus to Descartes, Assen: Van Gorcum, 1960 and The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza, University of California Press, 1979. ISBN 0-520-03876-2).
Additionally, Hicks has published articles and essays on a range of subjects, including entrepreneurism, [4] free speech in academia, [5] the history and development of modern art, [6] [7] Ayn Rand's Objectivism, [8] business ethics [9] and the philosophy of education, including a series of YouTube lectures.
Disappointed with the outcome and felt we were one of the 12 best teams in the country. We had an extremely challenging schedule and recognize there were two games in particular that we did not ...
Epistemic closure [1] is a property of some belief systems.It is the principle that if a subject knows , and knows that entails, then can thereby come to know .Most epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptical arguments assume a closure principle.