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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Sodium methoxide is prepared by treating methanol with sodium: 2 Na + 2 CH 3 OH → 2 CH 3 ONa + H 2. The reaction is so exothermic that ignition is possible. The resulting solution, which is colorless, is often used as a source of sodium methoxide, but the pure material can be isolated by evaporation followed by heating to remove residual methanol.
Monosodium acetylide is an organosodium compound with the formula NaC≡CH.It is a sodium salt of acetylene, consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydrogen acetylide anions − C≡CH.
or also by neutralizing it with sodium hydroxide (however, this reaction is very exothermic): HNO 3 + NaOH → NaNO 3 + H 2 O. or by mixing stoichiometric amounts of ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate: NH 4 NO 3 + NaOH → NaNO 3 + NH 4 OH NH 4 NO 3 + NaHCO 3 → NaNO 3 + NH 4 HCO 3 2NH 4 NO 3 + Na 2 ...
Sodium orthovanadate is produced by dissolving vanadium(V) oxide in a solution of sodium hydroxide: V 2 O 5 + 6 NaOH → 2 Na 3 VO 4 + 3 H 2 O. The salt features tetrahedral VO 3− 4 anion centers linked to octahedral Na + cation sites. [3]
Allyl alcohol is produced commercially by the Olin and Shell corporations through the hydrolysis of allyl chloride: . CH 2 =CHCH 2 Cl + NaOH → CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH + NaCl. Allyl alcohol can also be made by the rearrangement of propylene oxide, a reaction that is catalyzed by potassium alum at high temperature.
Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO • is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group –OH of atoms is the hydroxy group. Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.
The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second-order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a Lewis base that forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids. It is classified as a hard base and is a base in the ECW model with E B =1.63 and C B = 0.95.