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In engineering, the Miller cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used in a type of internal combustion engine. The Miller cycle was patented by Ralph Miller, an American engineer, U.S. patent 2,817,322 dated Dec 24, 1957. The engine may be two-or four-stroke and may be run on diesel fuel, gases, or dual fuel. [1]
The Millenia was available in three models: the base model, the mid-level millenia L with standard leather upholstery, power moonroof and remote keyless entry, and the top-of-the-line millenia S model which featured traction control, heated front seats, heavy duty wipers and the supercharged 2.3-liter V6 Miller cycle engine.
Miller applied this technique to the four-stroke engine, so it is sometimes referred as the Atkinson/Miller cycle, US patent 2817322 dated Dec 24, 1957. [2] In 1888, Charon filed a French patent and displayed an engine at the Paris Exhibition in 1889. The Charon gas engine (four-stroke) used a similar cycle to Miller, but without a supercharger.
Ralph Miller employed the miller cycle to obtain more power from engines, that were already supercharged, without increasing combustion pressures beyond safe limits. The Mazda KJ Miller Cycle V6 engine uses a supercharger, the Subaru B5-TPH uses a turbo charger while the Miller-cycle engine in the Mazda Demio is naturally aspirated.
There are two main families of superchargers defined according to the method of gas transfer: positive displacement and dynamic superchargers. Positive displacement superchargers deliver an almost constant level of boost pressure increase at all engine speeds, while dynamic superchargers cause the boost pressure to rise exponentially with engine speed (above a certain threshold). [4]
Inertial supercharging effect is the result of incoming fuel/air charge developing momentum greater than intake stroke would generate alone. It is achieved by the careful design of the shape of the piston head, the valves and cam profile/valve timing which creates a vacuum that pulls more exhaust gases (and some of the intake gasses) out of the engine.
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The conventional Otto cycle (higher power density, more low-RPM torque, lower fuel efficiency) is often modified to an Atkinson cycle or Miller cycle (lower power density, less low-rpm torque, higher fuel efficiency; sometimes called an Atkinson-Miller cycle). The smaller engine, using a more efficient cycle and often operating in the favorable ...