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Nitrocellulose film on a light box, showing deterioration, from Library and Archives Canada collection. In 1855, the first human-made plastic, nitrocellulose (branded Parkesine, patented in 1862), was created by Alexander Parkes from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent.
Cellulose is the raw material in the manufacture of nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) which is used in smokeless gunpowder. Pharmaceuticals: Cellulose derivatives, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), have the advantages of retaining water, being a stabilizer and thickening agent, and in reinforcement of drug tablets. [73]
Celluloids are a class of materials produced by mixing nitrocellulose and camphor, often with added dyes and other agents.Once much more common for its use as photographic film before the advent of safer methods, celluloid's common present-day uses are for manufacturing table tennis balls, musical instruments, combs, office equipment, fountain pen bodies, and guitar picks.
Ammonium nitrate is first synthesized by Johann Rudolf Glauber; it wasn't used as an explosive until World War I. [4] 1745 William Watson shows that an electric spark can ignite gunpowder, demonstrating the first detonator. [5] 1845 Nitrocellulose is invented by Christian Schoenbein. [6] 1846: Nitroglycerin is invented by Ascanio Sobrero. It is ...
Nitrocellulose is a derivative of cellulose that is soluble in organic solvents. It is mainly used as an explosive or as a lacquer. Many early plastics, including celluloid, were made from nitrocellulose. Cellulose acetate shares many traits with viscose rayon and was formerly considered the same textile. However, rayon resists heat, while ...
In 1884, Paul Vieille invented a smokeless powder called Poudre B (short for poudre blanche, white powder, as distinguished from black powder) [7]: 289–292 made from 68.2% insoluble nitrocellulose, 29.8% soluble nitrocellulose gelatinized with ether and 2% paraffin. This was adopted for the Lebel rifle chambered in 8×50mmR Lebel.
The first practical nitrocellulose enamel Glossy White S.2567, still for interior use, was introduced in 1919 in the UK by Nobel Explosives. [26] In 1923, General Motors' Oakland brand automobile was the first to introduce one of the new fast-drying nitrocellulose lacquers, a bright blue, produced by DuPont under their Duco tradename.
Nitrocellulose is a film-forming polymer that is the main ingredient in most nail polishes. Modern nail polish consists predominately of a film-forming polymer dissolved in a volatile organic solvent. The most common polymer is nitrocellulose, although the more expensive cellulose acetates such as CAB are claimed