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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Russian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Russian is written with a modern variant of the Cyrillic script.Russian spelling typically avoids arbitrary digraphs.Except for the use of hard and soft signs, which have no phonetic value in isolation but can follow a consonant letter, no phoneme is ever represented with more than one letter.
The Cyrillic alphabet and Russian spelling generally employ fewer diacritics than those used in other European languages written with the Latin alphabet. The only diacritic, in the proper sense, is the acute accent ́ (Russian: знак ударения 'mark of stress'), which marks stress on a vowel, as it is done in Spanish and Greek.
The details vary by author, and depend on which letters are available for the language of the text. For instance, in a work written in Ukrainian, г may be used for (the voiced equivalent of х ), whereas in Russian texts, г is used for . This article follows common Russian usage.
Russian vowel chart by Jones & Trofimov (1923:55). The symbol i̝ stands for a positional variant of /i/ raised in comparison with the usual allophone of /i/, not a raised cardinal which would result in a consonant. Russian stressed vowel chart according to their formants and surrounding consonants, from Timberlake (2004:31, 38). C is hard (non ...
The unpalatalized pronunciation in these words (unlike words with жж or зж ) is uncommon and considered nonstandard. ж ж : Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced . However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound (though this is becoming increasingly outdated). [1] ж ч :
This spelling rule does not have a great deal of effect on actual Russian pronunciation, because when unstressed, the vowels о and е are weakened to a very weak sound like the schwa. Note that this rule relates to the fact that stressed о after ж, ц, ч, ш and щ is pronounced the same as the always-stressed letter ё after the same letters.
From the 15th century, the poluustav (en in Russian) a semi-uncial style developed, and is notably still used today by the Church Slavonic publishing. This style turns into a more fluid writing: there is a slope, letters descending below the line, capital letters, transitional cursive. In parallel, the first printing fonts are being developed.