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The methotrexate study employed combinations of radiation, methotrexate and surgery in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. 700 patients were used to this study clinical investigations in the area of head and neck cancer. [2] In 2009, it was reported RTOG accrued a total of about 60,000 patients for studies. [2]
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...
Lymph nodes of the lungs: The lymph is drained from the lung tissue through subsegmental, segmental, lobar and interlobar lymph nodes to the hilar lymph nodes, which are located around the hilum (the pedicle, which attaches the lung to the mediastinal structures, containing the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary veins, the main bronchus for each side, some vegetative nerves and the lymphatics) of ...
Modified radical neck dissection. To describe the lymph nodes of the neck for neck dissection, the neck is divided into 6 areas called Levels. The levels are identified by Roman numeral, increasing towards the chest. A further Level VII to denote lymph node groups in the superior mediastinum is no longer used. Instead, lymph nodes in other non ...
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic. [1] Alternatively, enlarged lymph nodes may represent a primary malignancy of the lymphatic system itself, such as lymphoma (both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), [6] lymphocytic leukemia, [1] Lymphadenopathy that lasts less than two weeks or more than one year with no progressive ...
The right lymphatic duct courses along the medial border of the anterior scalene at the root of the neck. The right lymphatic duct forms various combinations with the right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein. [2] [3] It is approximately 1.25 cm long. [citation needed]
The superior deep cervical lymph nodes are the deep cervical lymph nodes that are situated adjacent to the superior portion of the internal jugular vein. They drain either to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes or into the jugular trunk. [1] Most of these lymph nodes are situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, though some are not. [1]
The deep cervical lymph nodes are subdivided into a superior group and an inferior group. [3] [4] Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. [citation needed] They can also be divided into three groups: "superior deep jugular", "middle deep jugular", and "inferior deep ...