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Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention . [ 2 ] Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation ) or amenorrhea (lack of ...
A hematosalpinx from a tubal pregnancy may be associated with pelvic pain and uterine bleeding. A gynecologic ultrasound will show the hematosalpinx. A hematosalpinx from other conditions may be painless but could lead to uterine bleeding.
Medical tests include a blood test, to see whether the abnormal bleeding has caused anemia, and a pelvic ultrasound, to see whether the abnormal bleeding is caused by a structural problem, such as a uterine fibroid. [2] Ultrasound is specifically recommended in those over the age of 35 or those in whom bleeding continues despite initial ...
Pelvic ultrasound scan is the first line diagnostic tool for identifying structural abnormalities. [16] Endometrial biopsy in those with high risk endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia or malignancy. [15] Sonohysterography to assess for abnormalities within the uterine lining [17] Hysteroscopy (anaesthesia should be offered) [15]
Abnormal descent of the pelvic floor can also be a sign of pelvic floor weakness. Abnormal descent manifests as descending perineum syndrome (>4 cm perineal descent). [5] This syndrome initially gives constipation, and later FI. The pelvic floor is innervated by the pudendal nerve and the S3 and S4 branches of the pelvic plexus.
Endometrial polyps can be detected by vaginal ultrasound (sonohysterography), hysteroscopy and dilation and curettage. [3] Detection by ultrasonography can be difficult, particularly when there is endometrial hyperplasia (excessive thickening of the endometrium). [2] Larger polyps may be missed by curettage. [10]
This treatment has largely superseded operative options.Coil embolisation requires exclusion of other pelvic pathology, expertise in endovascular surgery, correct placement of appropriate sized coils in the pelvis and also in the upper left ovarian vein, careful pre- and post-procedure specialist vascular ultrasound imaging, a full discussion ...
Ultrasound imaging, like MRI, does not use radiation and is safe for examination of the pelvis and female reproductive organs. [25] Overall, it is estimated that transvaginal ultrasonography has a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 85% for the detection of adenomyosis.