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2. Guided reading - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_reading

   Guided Reading is a complex approach and teachers are essential in the development and execution of a Balanced Literacy program. A critical component of the Reading Workshop is text selection; it must be purposeful and have the needs of the learners in mind. According to Fountas and Pinnell, [6] as a teacher reads "a text in preparation for ...

3. Gradual release of responsibility - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradual_release_of...

   Guided instruction is based on the pedagogical principles of scaffolding. [11] A study by Conklin and Wilkins shows growth and advances in reading levels among elementary students when using a guided reading approach. Working with the teacher in small groups gave students a chance to work on specific skills, at their reading level.

4. Fountas and Pinnell reading levels - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountas_and_Pinnell...

   Literacy. v. t. e. Fountas & Pinnell reading levels (commonly referred to as "Fountas & Pinnell") are a proprietary system of reading levels developed by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell and published by Heinemann to support their Levelled Literacy Interventions (LLI) series of student readers and teacher resource products. [1]

5. Reading - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading

   Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

6. Zone of proximal development - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development

   The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a higher skill set. [1] The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, until the teacher ...

7. Coleman–Liau index - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman–Liau_index

   Literacy. v. t. e. The Coleman–Liau index is a readability test designed by Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, and Automated Readability Index, its output approximates the U.S. grade level thought necessary to comprehend the text.