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A fixation disparity is not constant within a certain observer, but can vary depending on the viewing conditions. If test prisms with increasing amount are placed in front of the observer’s eyes, the fixation disparity changes in the eso direction with base-in prisms and in the exo direction with base-out prisms (Fig. 3).
Exotropia is a condition where the eyes are deviated outward, causing crossed diplopia and loss of binocular vision. It can affect children or adults and may have various causes and treatments, such as surgery, glasses, patching, or vision therapy.
Convergence insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder that affects the ability of the eyes to turn towards each other. It can cause symptoms such as double vision, eye strain, headache, and difficulty reading. Learn about the diagnosis, treatment, and prevalence of convergence insufficiency.
From left to right: an accommodative fixation stick, a vertical prism bar, and a horizontal prism bar. The PFR involves placing a prism bar in front of an eye. In a patient with BSV, a natural shift of the eye occurs. When measuring horizontal fusion ranges, base in prisms assess fusional divergence while base out prisms assess fusional ...
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an eye condition that causes one eye to drift upward spontaneously or after being covered. It is often associated with squints and can be diagnosed and treated by ophthalmologists.
Exophoria is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward, usually mild and with fusion possible. It can be caused by refractive errors, divergence excess, or convergence insufficiency, and is common in infancy and childhood.
Vergence is the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision. Learn about the different types of vergence, such as convergence, divergence and fusional vergence, and the common vergence dysfunctions that affect eye alignment and vision.
Monofixation syndrome (MFS) is an eye condition with less-than-perfect binocular vision and peripheral fusion without central fusion. It is a rare condition that can result from a sensorial defect or surgical treatment of congenital esotropia.