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  2. Claim (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claim_(philosophy)

    A claim is a substantive statement about a thing, such as an idea, event, individual, or belief. It's truth or falsity is open to debate. It's truth or falsity is open to debate. Arguments or beliefs may be offered in support, and criticisms and challenges of affirming contentions may be offered in rebuttal.

  3. Language, Truth, and Logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language,_Truth,_and_Logic

    According to Ayer, analytic statements are tautologies. A tautology is a statement that is necessarily true, true by definition, and true under any conditions. A tautology is a repetition of the meaning of a statement, using different words or symbols. According to Ayer, the statements of logic and mathematics are tautologies.

  4. Philosophical analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysis

    For example, the problem of free will in philosophy involves various key concepts, including the concepts of freedom, moral responsibility, determinism, ability, etc. The method of conceptual analysis tends to approach such a problem by breaking down the key concepts pertaining to the problem and seeing how they interact.

  5. Supposition theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supposition_theory

    So for example the subject of a negative claim, or indefinite one supposits determinately, but the subject of a singular claim supposits discretely, while the subject of an affirmative claim supposits confusedly and determinately. Albert of Saxony gives 15 rules for determining which type of personal supposition a term is using. Further the ...

  6. Argument map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map

    Intermediate conclusions or sub-conclusions, where a claim is supported by another claim that is used in turn to support some further claim, i.e. the final conclusion or another intermediate conclusion: In the following diagram, statement 4 is an intermediate conclusion in that it is a conclusion in relation to statement 5 but is a premise in ...

  7. Existential graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_graph

    For example, the word sequence "_ x is a human" is a predicate because it gives rise to the declarative sentence "Peirce is a human" if you enter the proper name "Peirce" in the blank space. Likewise, the word sequence "_ 1 is richer than _ 2 " is a predicate, because it results in the statement "Socrates is richer than Plato" if the proper ...

  8. Philosophy and literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_and_literature

    Philosophy and literature involves the literary treatment of philosophers and philosophical themes (the literature of philosophy), and the philosophical treatment of issues raised by literature (the philosophy of literature). The philosophy of literature, a subset of aesthetics, examines the nature of art and the significance of verbal arts ...

  9. Two Dogmas of Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Dogmas_of_Empiricism

    The statements in the second class have the form: (2) No bachelor is married. A statement with this form can be turned into a statement with form (1) by exchanging synonyms with synonyms, in this case "bachelor" with "unmarried man". It is the second class of statements that lack characterization according to Quine.