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  2. Heapsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort

    Swap the first element of the array (the largest element in the heap) with the final element of the heap. Decrease the considered range of the heap by one. Call the siftDown() function on the array to move the new first element to its correct place in the heap. Go back to step (2) until the remaining array is a single element.

  3. Adaptive heap sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_heap_sort

    Swap the first element of the heap with the last element of the heap. Remove the last element from the heap and put it at the end of the list. Adjust the heap so that the first element ends up at the right place in the heap. Repeat Step 2 and 3 until the heap has only one element. Put this last element at the end of the list and output the list.

  4. Binary heap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_heap

    Building a heap from an array of n input elements can be done by starting with an empty heap, then successively inserting each element. This approach, called Williams' method after the inventor of binary heaps, is easily seen to run in O(n log n) time: it performs n insertions at O(log n) cost each. [a] However, Williams' method is suboptimal.

  5. Dynamic array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_array

    The elements of the dynamic array are stored contiguously at the start of the underlying array, and the remaining positions towards the end of the underlying array are reserved, or unused. Elements can be added at the end of a dynamic array in constant time by using the reserved space, until this space is completely consumed. When all space is ...

  6. Linked list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list

    A dynamic array, on the other hand, will be poor at deleting nodes (or elements) as it cannot remove one node without individually shifting all the elements up the list by one. However, it is exceptionally easy to find the n th person in the circle by directly referencing them by their position in the array.

  7. Queue (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_(abstract_data_type)

    The simple trick of turning the array into a closed circle and letting the head and tail drift around endlessly in that circle makes it unnecessary to ever move items stored in the array. If n is the size of the array, then computing indices modulo n will turn the array into a circle.

  8. Erase–remove idiom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erase–remove_idiom

    As no elements are actually removed and the container retains the same size, the tail of the array has a length equal to the number of "removed" items; these items remain in memory but in an unspecified state. remove returns an iterator pointing to the first of these tail elements so that they can be deleted using a single call to erase.

  9. Priority queue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue

    That is, if there is a sorting algorithm which can sort in O(S) time per key, where S is some function of n and word size, [22] then one can use the given procedure to create a priority queue where pulling the highest-priority element is O(1) time, and inserting new elements (and deleting elements) is O(S) time.