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  2. Common emitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_emitter

    Current gain in the common emitter circuit is obtained from the base and the collector circuit currents. Because a very small change in base current produces a large change in collector current, the current gain (β) is always greater than unity for the common-emitter circuit, a typical value is about 50.

  3. Widlar current source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widlar_current_source

    Diagram from Widlar's original patent. A Widlar current source is a modification of the basic two-transistor current mirror that incorporates an emitter degeneration resistor for only the output transistor, enabling the current source to generate low currents using only moderate resistor values.

  4. Common collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_collector

    The transistor continuously monitors V diff and adjusts its emitter voltage to equal V in minus the mostly constant V BE (approximately one diode forward voltage drop) by passing the collector current through the emitter resistor R E. As a result, the output voltage follows the input voltage variations from V BE up to V +; hence the name ...

  5. Current source - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_source

    In bipolar transistors, as the junction temperature increases the V be drop (voltage drop from base to emitter) decreases. In the two previous circuits, a decrease in V be will cause an increase in voltage across the emitter resistor, which in turn will cause an increase in collector current drawn through the load. The end result is that the ...

  6. Miller theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_theorem

    Examples are imperfect voltage followers (emitter, source, cathode follower, etc.) and amplifiers with series negative feedback (emitter degeneration), whose input impedance is moderately increased. The op-amp non-inverting amplifier is a typical circuit with series negative feedback based on the Miller theorem, where the op-amp differential ...

  7. Emitter-coupled logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled_logic

    As a result, the common emitter resistor R E acts nearly as a current source. The output voltages at the collector load resistors R C1 and R C3 are shifted and buffered to the inverting and non-inverting outputs by the emitter followers T4 and T5 (shaded blue). The output emitter resistors R E4 and R E5 do not exist in all versions of ECL. In ...

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  9. Wilson current mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_current_mirror

    Any change in output current with output voltage results in a change in the emitter current of Q 3 but very little change in the emitter node voltage. The change in is fed back through Q 2 and Q 1 to the input node where it changes the base current of Q 3 in a way that reduces the net change in output current, thus closing the feedback loop.