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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
Thionyl chloride, SOCl 2, is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides. In organic chemistry , the thionyl group is known as a sulfoxide group or sulfinyl group, and has the general structure RS(=O)R'.
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol (−OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine.
The Beckmann rearrangement is often catalyzed by acid; however, other reagents have been known to promote the rearrangement. These include tosyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentoxide, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, trimethylsilyl iodide among others. [3]
[citation needed] Like thionyl chloride, the reagent degrades into volatile side products in this application, which simplifies workup. One of the minor byproducts from the N , N -dimethylformamide catalyzed reaction, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride , is a potent carcinogen, stemming from the N , N -dimethylformamide decomposition.
In organic chemistry, an oxime is an organic compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula RR’C=N−OH, where R is an organic side-chain and R' may be hydrogen, forming an aldoxime, or another organic group, forming a ketoxime. O-substituted oximes form a closely related family of compounds.
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt.
In chemistry, S N i (substitution nucleophilic internal) refers to a specific, regio-selective but not often encountered reaction mechanism for nucleophilic aliphatic substitution.