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  2. User Datagram Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol

    The method used to compute the checksum is defined in RFC 768, and efficient calculation is discussed in RFC 1071: Checksum is the 16-bit ones' complement of the ones' complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP header, and the data, padded with zero octets at the end (if necessary) to make a multiple of two octets.

  3. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The Internet checksum, [1] [2] also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It is carried in the IPv4 packet header , and represents the 16-bit result of the summation of the header words.

  4. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    The effect of a checksum algorithm that yields an n-bit checksum is to map each m-bit message to a corner of a larger hypercube, with dimension m + n. The 2 m + n corners of this hypercube represent all possible received messages. The valid received messages (those that have the correct checksum) comprise a smaller set, with only 2 m corners.

  5. UDP-Lite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-Lite

    For computing the checksum UDP-Lite uses the same checksum algorithm used for UDP (and TCP). [1] Modern multimedia codecs, like G.718 and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) for audio and H.264 and MPEG-4 for video, have resilience features already built into the syntax and structure of the stream. This allows the codec to (a) detect errors in the stream ...

  6. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    TCP and UDP, have a checksum that covers all the data they carry, as well as the TCP or UDP header, plus a pseudo-header that contains the source and destination IP addresses of the packet carrying the TCP or UDP header. For an originating NAT to pass TCP or UDP successfully, it must recompute the TCP or UDP header checksum based on the ...

  7. 8 Things Southerners Love To Put In Their Stockings ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/8-things-southerners-love-put...

    For as long as many of our readers can remember, a single orange has always appeared at the toe of their Christmas stockings. "I still place apples and oranges in my grandkids' stockings, in honor ...

  8. Congo says mysterious disease killing dozens of kids finally ...

    www.aol.com/congo-says-mysterious-disease...

    "The mystery has finally been solved," Congo's health ministry says, after an unidentified disease outbreak started killing mainly women and children in a remote region.

  9. List of IP protocol numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

    Interior gateway protocol (any private interior gateway, for example Cisco's IGRP) 0x0A 10 BBN-RCC-MON BBN RCC Monitoring 0x0B 11 NVP-II Network Voice Protocol: RFC 741: 0x0C 12 PUP Xerox PUP: 0x0D 13 ARGUS ARGUS 0x0E 14 EMCON EMCON 0x0F 15 XNET Cross Net Debugger IEN 158 [2] 0x10 16 CHAOS Chaos: 0x11 17 UDP User Datagram Protocol: RFC 768 ...