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  2. User Datagram Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol

    The method used to compute the checksum is defined in RFC 768, and efficient calculation is discussed in RFC 1071: Checksum is the 16-bit ones' complement of the ones' complement sum of a pseudo header of information from the IP header, the UDP header, and the data, padded with zero octets at the end (if necessary) to make a multiple of two octets.

  3. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The checksum field is the 16 bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the value of the checksum field is zero. If there is no corruption, the result of summing the entire IP header, including checksum, and then taking its one's complement should be zero.

  4. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    The effect of a checksum algorithm that yields an n-bit checksum is to map each m-bit message to a corner of a larger hypercube, with dimension m + n. The 2 m + n corners of this hypercube represent all possible received messages. The valid received messages (those that have the correct checksum) comprise a smaller set, with only 2 m corners.

  5. UDP-Lite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-Lite

    For computing the checksum UDP-Lite uses the same checksum algorithm used for UDP (and TCP). [1] Modern multimedia codecs, like G.718 and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) for audio and H.264 and MPEG-4 for video, have resilience features already built into the syntax and structure of the stream. This allows the codec to (a) detect errors in the stream ...

  6. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    Network packets may contain a checksum, parity bits or cyclic redundancy checks to detect errors that occur during transmission. [6] At the transmitter, the calculation is performed before the packet is sent. When received at the destination, the checksum is recalculated, and compared with the one in the packet.

  7. Jimmy Carter funeral service to be held at Washington ...

    www.aol.com/news/jimmy-carter-funeral-held...

    By Jonathan Allen and Brad Brooks (Reuters) -A state funeral for Jimmy Carter, the former U.S. president who died on Sunday at the age of 100, will be held at the Washington National Cathedral on ...

  8. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    TCP and UDP, have a checksum that covers all the data they carry, as well as the TCP or UDP header, plus a pseudo-header that contains the source and destination IP addresses of the packet carrying the TCP or UDP header. For an originating NAT to pass TCP or UDP successfully, it must recompute the TCP or UDP header checksum based on the ...

  9. Antibiotic use does not increase dementia risk, study suggests

    www.aol.com/antibiotic-does-not-increase...

    Antibiotic use was not associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in healthy older adults, according to a recent study.