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  2. Mandarin Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese

    我 wǒ I 给 gěi give 你 nǐ you 一本 yìběn a 书 shū book [我給你一本書] 我 给 你 一本 书 wǒ gěi nǐ yìběn shū I give you a book In southern dialects, as well as many southwestern and Lower Yangtze dialects, the objects occur in the reverse order. Most varieties of Chinese use post-verbal particles to indicate aspect, but the particles used vary. Most Mandarin ...

  3. Mandarin (bureaucrat) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)

    A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...

  4. Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin

    Mandarin (bureaucrat), a bureaucrat of Imperial China (the original meaning of the word) by extension, any senior government bureaucrat; Mandarin cuisine, another name for Beijing cuisine; Mandarin (Jacksonville), a 19th-century community, since absorbed into the city limits of Jacksonville, United States

  5. History of Standard Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Standard_Chinese

    The Dictionary of National Pronunciation (國音詞典) was published, which attempted compromise between Beijingese and other regional dialects: it preserved the checked tone that had disappeared in Mandarin, as well as some consonantal endings from southern varieties and consonantal onsets from Wu. Ultimately, this attempt at synthesis was ...

  6. Mandarin orange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_orange

    Mandarin oranges in a mesh bag. Mandarin orange fruits are small 40–80 millimetres (1.6–3.1 in). [3] Their color is orange, yellow-orange, or red-orange. [5] The skin is thin and peels off easily. [3] Their easiness to peel is an important advantage of mandarin oranges over other citrus fruits. [5]

  7. List of varieties of Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese

    Mandarin Chinese is the most popular dialect, and is used as a lingua franca across China. Linguists classify these varieties as the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family . Within this broad classification, there are between seven and fourteen dialect groups, depending on the classification.

  8. Citrus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus

    Mandarins were not introduced until the 19th century. [18] [19] [20] Oranges were introduced to Florida by Spanish colonists. [21] [22] In cooler parts of Europe, citrus fruit was grown in orangeries starting in the 17th century; many were as much status symbols as functional agricultural structures. [23]

  9. Scholar-official - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholar-official

    The decoration of two egrets on his chest are a "mandarin square", indicating that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. The scholar-officials , also known as literati , scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats ( Chinese : 士大夫 ; pinyin : shì dàfū ), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a ...