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2. Engraving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engraving

   Other terms often used for printed engravings are copper engraving, copper-plate engraving or line engraving. Steel engraving is the same technique, on steel or steel-faced plates, and was mostly used for banknotes, illustrations for books, magazines and reproductive prints, letterheads and similar uses from about 1790 to the early 20th century, when the technique became less popular, except ...

3. Music engraving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_engraving

   Music engraving. Sample of hand-copied music manuscript, in ink, of a piece composed for piano. Music engraving is the art of drawing music notation at high quality for the purpose of mechanical reproduction. The term music copying is almost equivalent—though music engraving implies a higher degree of skill and quality, usually for publication.

4. Intaglio (printmaking) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)

   Intaglio (/ ɪnˈtæli.oʊ, - ˈtɑːli -/ in-TAL-ee-oh, -⁠TAH-lee-; [1] Italian: [inˈtaʎʎo]) is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. [2] It is the direct opposite of a relief print where the parts of the matrix that make the image ...

5. Electrotyping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotyping

   A copper film (the electrotype) grows onto the electrically conducting coating of the mold. Electrotyping (also galvanoplasty) is a chemical method for forming metal parts that exactly reproduce a model. The method was invented by Moritz von Jacobi in Russia in 1838, and was immediately adopted for applications in printing and several other ...

6. Photogravure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogravure

   Photogravure. Photogravure (in French héliogravure) is a process for printing photographs, also sometimes used for reproductive intaglio printmaking. It is a photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive ...

7. International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers ...

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Plate...

   The union was founded in 1893 in Boston, as the National Steel and Copper Plate Printers' Union of the United States. It was chartered by the American Federation of Labor on July 2, 1898. In 1901, it changed its name to the International Steel and Copper Plate Printers of North America , to include members in Canada.

8. State (printmaking) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(printmaking)

   In the first state the background is plain; the landscape of state II was probably added some years later. In printmaking, a state is a different form of a print, caused by a deliberate and permanent change to a matrix such as a copper plate (for engravings etc.) or woodblock (for woodcut). Artists often take prints from a plate (or block, etc ...

9. Burin (engraving) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burin_(engraving)

   Burin (engraving) A burin diagram, showing the handle, shaft, cutting tip, and face. [1] The bend in the shaft is especially associated with wood engraving. [2] A burin (/ ˈbjʊərɪn, ˈbɜːrɪn / BUR (E)-in) is a steel cutting tool used in engraving, from the French burin (cold chisel). Its older English name and synonym is graver.