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In physics and chemistry, effusion is the process in which a gas escapes from a container through a hole of diameter considerably smaller than the mean free path of the molecules. [1] Such a hole is often described as a pinhole and the escape of the gas is due to the pressure difference between the container and the exterior.
Velocity is the measure of how fast an object moves in a given direction. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. In physics, velocity is often used to describe the motion of particles, waves, and fluids. Learn more about the concepts, formulas, and applications of velocity from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
pconstant is the total pressure at a point on a streamline. p + ρ u 2 / 2 + ρ g y = p c o n s t a n t {\displaystyle p+\rho u^ {2}/2+\rho gy=p_ {\mathrm {constant} }\,\!} Euler equations. ρ = fluid mass density. u is the flow velocity vector. E = total volume energy density. U = internal energy per unit mass of fluid.
Thermodynamics. In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol Q (sometimes ). It contrasts with mass flow rate, which is the other main type of fluid flow rate.
v. t. e. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2] Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area.
Verlet integration ( French pronunciation: [vɛʁˈlɛ]) is a numerical method used to integrate Newton's equations of motion. [1] It is frequently used to calculate trajectories of particles in molecular dynamics simulations and computer graphics. The algorithm was first used in 1791 by Jean Baptiste Delambre and has been rediscovered many ...
Skin friction arises from the interaction between the fluid and the skin of the body, and is directly related to the area of the surface of the body that is in contact with the fluid. Skin friction follows the drag equation and rises with the square of the velocity. Skin friction is caused by viscous drag in the boundary layer around the object ...
Electron mobility. In solid-state physics, the electron mobility characterises how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor when pushed or pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quantity for holes, called hole mobility. The term carrier mobility refers in general to both electron and hole mobility.