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Phloem (/ ˈ f l oʊ. əm /, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, [1] to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. [2]
The pressure flow hypothesis, also known as the mass flow hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem of plants. [1] [2] It was proposed in 1930 by Ernst Münch, a German plant physiologist. [3]
Sugars are actively loaded into the phloem and moved by a positive pressure flow created by solute concentrations and turgor pressure between xylem and phloem vessel elements (specialized plant cells). This movement of sugars is referred to as translocation. When sugars arrive at the sink they are unloaded for storage or broken down/metabolized ...
Cross section of celery stalk, showing vascular bundles, which include both phloem and xylem Detail of the vasculature of a bramble leaf Translocation in vascular plants. Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem ...
Phloem loading is the process of loading carbon into the phloem for transport to different 'sinks' in a plant. Sinks include metabolism , growth, storage, and other processes or organs that need carbon solutes to persist.
Regulation of these initials ensures the connection and communication between xylem and phloem is maintained for the translocation of nourishment and sugars are safely being stored as an energy resource. Ethylene levels are high in plants with an active cambial zone and are still currently being studied.
The phloem is the living portion of the vascular system of a plant, and serves to move sugars and photosynthate from source cells to sink cells. Phloem tissue is made of sieve elements and companion cells, and is surrounded by parenchyma cells. The sieve element cells work as the main player in transport of phloem sap.
Nonreciprocal translocation, transfer of genes from one chromosome to another; PEP group translocation, a method used by bacteria for sugar uptake; Twin-arginine translocation pathway, a protein export pathway found in plants, bacteria, and archaea; Translocation (botany), transport of nutrients through phloem