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Subnetting may also enhance routing efficiency, or have advantages in network management when subnets are administratively controlled by different entities in a larger organization. Subnets may be arranged logically in a hierarchical architecture, partitioning an organization's network address space into a tree-like routing structure, or other ...
This led to the development of subnetting and CIDR. The formerly meaningful class distinctions based on the most-significant address bits were abandoned and the new system was described as classless, in contrast to the old system, which became known as classful. Routing protocols were revised to carry not just IP addresses, but also their ...
An example of route aggregation as a part of CIDR. A supernetwork, or supernet, is an Internet Protocol (IP) network that is formed by aggregation of multiple networks (or subnets) into a larger network.
Map of the prototype Internet in 1982, showing 8-bit-numbered networks (ovals) only, interconnected by routers (rectangles).. A classful network is an obsolete network addressing architecture used in the Internet from 1981 until the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993.
Subnetting history In the early stages of development of the Internet Protocol, the network number was always the highest order octet (most significant eight bits). Because this method allowed for only 256 networks, it soon proved inadequate as additional networks developed that were independent of the existing networks already designated by a ...
There are several different non-equivalent definitions of "subnet" and this article will use the definition introduced in 1970 by Stephen Willard, [1] which is as follows: If = and = are nets in a set from directed sets and , respectively, then is said to be a subnet of (in the sense of Willard or a Willard–subnet [1]) if there exists a monotone final function: such that = ().
The other system used for subnetting, without subnet addressing, is Proxy ARP. In the case of proxy-ARP, hosts believe that they are on one large (often /16) Ethernet, as routers answer ARP requests fooling hosts into believing that the router is actually the destination. 100 or so hosts is about the largest you want a single Ethernet to be.
In order to address the issues of address space and other factors, Cisco created EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). EIGRP adds support for VLSM (variable length subnet mask) and adds the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) in order to improve routing and provide a loopless environment.