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Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across a period in the modern periodic table, the electronegativity increases as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases. However, if one moves down in a group , the electronegativity decreases as atomic size increases due to the addition of a valence shell , thereby decreasing the ...
In general, electronegativity increases on passing from left to right along a period and decreases on descending a group. Hence, fluorine is the most electronegative of the elements (not counting noble gases ), whereas caesium is the least electronegative, at least of those elements for which substantial data is available.
Metallic character increases going down a group and from right to left across a period. Nonmetallic character increases going from the bottom left of the periodic table to the top right. The first periodic table to become generally accepted was that of the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869; he formulated the periodic law as a dependence ...
Since the core charge increases as you move across a row of the periodic table, the outer-shell electrons are pulled more and more strongly towards the nucleus and the atomic radius decreases. This can be used to explain a number of periodic trends such as atomic radius, first ionization energy (IE), electronegativity, and oxidizing.
Moving rightward across the period decreases the atomic radii of atoms, while moving down the group will increase the atomic radii. [ 2 ] Similarly, on moving rightward a period, the elements become progressively more covalent [ clarification needed ] , less basic and more electronegative , whereas on moving down a group the elements become ...
Counterintuitively, E ea does not decrease when progressing down most columns of the periodic table. For example, E ea actually increases consistently on descending the column for the group 2 data. Thus, electron affinity follows the same "left-right" trend as electronegativity, but not the "up-down" trend. The following data are quoted in kJ/mol.
The effective atomic number Z eff, (sometimes referred to as the effective nuclear charge) of an electron in a multi-electron atom is the number of protons that this electron effectively 'sees' due to screening by inner-shell electrons.
Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such.