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Football pitch technology has moved forward tremendously since the 1970s/1980s, when it was found that by December, almost all pitches turned into mud baths. Today's technology includes the use of drainage pipe at 5m centres, a gravel raft, a sand (suspended water table) rooting zone, undersoil heating and supplementary lighting on the surface ...
A football pitch or soccer field is the playing surface for the game of association football. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game , "The Field of Play". [ 1 ] The pitch is typically made of natural turf or artificial turf , although amateur and recreational teams often play on dirt fields.
Sand-based athletic fields are sports turf playing fields constructed on top of sand surfaces. It is important that turf managers select the most suitable type of sand when constructing these fields, as sands with different shapes offer varied pros and cons. Regular maintenance of sand-based athletic fields is just as important as the initial construction of the field. [1]
Artificial turf with rubber crumb infill Side view of artificial turf Diagram of the structure of modern artificial turf Artificial turf square mats. Artificial turf is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass, used in sports arenas, residential lawns and commercial applications that traditionally use grass.
An association football pitch is in tactical terms often divided into thirds of 35 metres each, given standard size of pitch, so as to reference the three different stages of play. [1] Team tactics as well as individual skills are integral for playing association football.
An example of the use of this is the FC Barcelona team, who use a fluid (meaning the players are free to move around and exchange positions) 4–3–3 formation to use the channels created by the oppositions formation to gain an advantage, e.g. Xavi with the ball in midfield, passing to one of the front three players who start either in the ...
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Basic line marking machines for turf were available by the late 1800s. [1]: 40 They were originally developed for use on lawn tennis courts.[1]: 40 One of the first such machines, a wheel-to-wheel paint transfer device, was developed by F.H. Ayres and "would be instantly recognizable by users of many of today's machines, which work on the same principle".