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Relations between Finland and Russia have been conducted over many centuries, from wars between Sweden and Russia in the early 18th century, to the planned and realized creation and annexation of the Grand Duchy of Finland during Napoleonic times in the early 19th century, to the dissolution of the personal union between Russia and Finland after the forced abdication of Russia's last czar in ...
The post-war period was a time of rapid economic growth and increasing social and political stability for Finland. The five decades after the Second World War saw Finland turn from a war-ravaged agrarian society into one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world, with a sophisticated market economy and high standard of living.
Russians have a corresponding pole in red and green. A short white pole marks the actual border. In 2023, Finland began constructing a Finland–Russia border barrier at the southernmost part of the border. Little reliable information is available on the status of the infrastructure on the Russian side after the Cold War.
Map showing areas ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union; Porkkala was returned to Finland in 1956. The Karelian question or Karelian issue (Finnish: Karjala-kysymys, Swedish: Karelska frågan, Russian: Карельский вопрос) is a dispute in Finnish politics over whether to try to regain control over eastern Karelia and other territories ceded to the Soviet Union in the Winter War ...
Map of territorial changes in Europe after World War I (as of 1923). Changes in national boundaries after the end of the Cold War. 1917 December 6 — The Grand Duchy of Finland declares its full independence from the collapsing Russian Empire.
Karelians evacuated from the part of Finnish Karelia ceded to Russia were resettled all over Finland. Today about one million people in Finland can trace their roots in the area ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II. In Finland, about 5,000 people speak the Karelian language.
Finland was then united through Russia via the crown, and Finland was able to keep the majority of its own laws, giving it autonomy. [8] Instead of the newly acquired territory being subjected to direct rule by an imperial governor-general, a novel administrative system was established in Finland, drafted in part by the liberal Mikhail Speransky.
In exchange, the Soviets offered to cede to Finland about 8800 square kilometers of Karelia along the Finnish border, or about twice the amount of land to be ceded by Finland. [2] Finland rejected these demands, and on November 30, 1939, the Winter War started when Russia invaded Finland without a declaration of war. However, the Finnish ...