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The Council of Chalcedon (/ k æ l ˈ s iː d ən, ˈ k æ l s ɪ d ɒ n /; Latin: Concilium Chalcedonense) [a] was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian .
A historical analysis of the background of the Council of Chalcedon, evaluating the role of: cultural tensions within the Empire, and; the Imperial power m determining or guiding the decisions of the Council. A study of comparative ecclesiology — with particular reference to the question of seven councils versus three councils.
Even though Chalcedon reaffirmed the Third Council's condemnation of Nestorius, the Non-Chalcedonians always suspected that the Chalcedonian Definition tended towards Nestorianism. This was in part because of the restoration of a number of bishops deposed at the Second Council of Ephesus, bishops who had previously indicated what appeared to be ...
Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine (centre), accompanied by the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea (325), holding the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381. In the history of Christianity, the first seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon ...
Byzantine Iconoclasm – the practice of destroying icons and images. This council repudiated this belief. relics part of the body of a saint or a venerated person, or else another type of ancient religious object, carefully preserved for purposes of veneration or as a tangible memorial. This council decreed that altars must contain a relic.
The leading Eastern bishops were coerced, after a short resistance, into subscribing [clarification needed]. Mennas, Patriarch of Constantinople, first protested that to sign was to condemn the Council of Chalcedon, and then yielded, as he told Stephen the Roman apocrisarius (ecclesiastical diplomat) at Constantinople, that his subscription should be returned to him if the Pope disapproved of it.
The Three-Chapter Controversy arose from an attempt to reconcile the Non-Chalcedonian Christians of the Middle East with the positions of the Council of Chalcedon.To exact a compromise, works of several Eastern theologians such as Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa, and Theodore of Mopsuestia, which came to be known collectively as the Three Chapters, were condemned.
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