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The specific function of text messaging has also been studied to find its uses and gratifications and explore any potential gender differences. [29] Seven uses and gratifications, in order of importance, have been proposed: accessibility, relaxation, escape, entertainment, information seeking, coordination for business, socialization, status ...
This theory also states that the experience of others can be used in the decision making process. If a family member recommends a book then an individual is more likely to pick up the book and read it themselves. This theory does address more thoroughly media avoidance than does Uses and Gratifications Theory. [2]
The concept of parasocial interaction became increasingly attractive to mass communication scholars as more active views of the audience emerged in the second half of the 20th century—especially uses and gratification theory—and numerous empirical studies have utilized the idea to explore PSI’s antecedents, correlates, and consequences. [4]
The "uses and gratifications" model, associated with Jay Blumler and Elihu Katz, reflected this growing interest in the 'active audience'. One such example of this type of research was conducted by Hodge and Tripp, [ 17 ] and separately Palmer, [ 18 ] about how school-children make sense of the Australian soap opera Prisoner .
Zillmann's theory proposed the notion that viewer's are physiologically aroused when they watch aggressive scenes. [15] After watching an aggressive scene, an individual will become aggressive due to the arousal from the scene. In 1974 Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch used the uses and gratifications theory to explain media
Herta Herzog-Massing (August 14, 1910 – February 25, 2010) was an Austrian-American social scientist specializing in communication studies.Her most prominent contribution to the field, an article entitled "What Do We Really Know About Daytime Serial Listeners?", is considered a pioneering work of the uses-and-gratifications approach and the cognitive revolution in media research.
In this context, the concept of motivation is defined based on previous theories such as selective exposure and uses and gratifications theory. This means that a teenager's motivation to attend to certain media might be based on affective , behavioral , cognitive and instrumental needs, or it could also simply be a result of habituation (Steele ...
The uses and gratification model emphasizes what the audience does with the media presented to them, here influence lies with the consumer. The "ethnographic turn" contributed to the maturing of the field as contexts of consumption are now recognized as having significant impact upon the processes of the interpretation of media.