Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
During the luteal phase (latter half) of the menstrual cycle, due to increased mammary blood flow and/or premenstrual fluid retention caused by high circulating concentrations of estrogen and/or progesterone, the breasts temporarily increase in size, and this is experienced by women as fullness, heaviness, swollenness, and a tingling sensation.
The indication is an excess breast weight that exceeds approximately 3% of the total body weight. [3] There are varying definitions of what is considered to be excessive breast tissue, that is the expected breast tissue plus extraordinary breast tissue, ranging from as little as 0.6 kilograms (1.3 lb) up to 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb) with most physicians defining macromastia as excessive tissue of ...
Hyperplasia of the breast – "Hyperplastic" lesions of the breast include usual ductal hyperplasia, a focal expansion of the number of cells in a terminal breast duct, and atypical ductal hyperplasia, in which a more abnormal pattern of growth is seen, and which is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia is associated with a 2.4-fold risk. [20] In contrast, a New England Journal of Medicine article [ 21 ] states that for women with a strong familial history of breast cancer, the risk of future breast cancer is roughly doubled, independent of histological status.
The adrenal glands [4] [5] The heart [5] [6] Muscles [5] The liver [5] [7] The lungs [8] The pancreas (beta cells and acinar cells) [7] The mammary glands [5] The spleen (where bone marrow and lymphatic tissue undergo compensatory hypertrophy and assumes the spleen function during spleen injury) [5] The testicles [5] The thyroid gland [5] [9]
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) literally means groups of "cancerous" epithelial cells which remain in their normal location (in situ) within the ducts and lobules of the mammary gland. [14] Clinically, DCIS is considered to be a premalignant (i.e. potentially malignant ) condition, [ 15 ] because the biologically abnormal cells have not yet ...
[59] [60] Accordingly, overexpression of COX-2 in mammary gland tissue produces mammary gland hyperplasia as well as precocious mammary gland development in female mice, mirroring the phenotype of VDR knockout mice, and demonstrating a strong stimulatory effect of COX-2, which is downregulated by VDR activation, on the growth of the mammary glands.
A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.Mammals get their name from the Latin word mamma, "breast".The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primates (for example, humans and chimpanzees), the udder in ruminants (for example, cows, goats, sheep, and deer), and the dugs of other animals (for example, dogs ...