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Translucent concrete at Expo Bau 2011, München/Germany. Translucent concrete is used in fine architecture as a façade material and for the cladding of interior walls. Light-transmitting concrete has also been applied to various design products. [2] [3] Several ways of producing translucent concrete exist.
The light from white LED lamps and LED strip lights is usually provided by industry standard surface-mounted device LEDs (SMD LEDs). [2] Non-SMD types of LED lighting also exist, such as COB (chip on board) and MCOB (multi-COB). Surface-mounted device LED modules are described by the dimensions of the LED package. A single multicolor module may ...
The principal idea of solar road panels is to utilize the space occupied by the roads to generate electricity via photovoltaic panels installed in place of a conventional concrete or asphalt road surface. [5] Other functions for solar road panels have since then been proposed.
Solar Roadways Incorporated is an American company based in Sandpoint, Idaho, aiming to develop solar-powered road panels to form a smart highway.Their proof-of-concept technology is a hexagonal road panel that has a glass driving surface with underlying solar cells, electronics, and sensors to act as a part of solar array with programmable capability.
A 2009 Royal Society report states that, "the overall cost of a 'white roof method' covering an area of 1% of the land surface (about 10 12 m 2) would be about $300 billion/yr, making this one of the least effective and most expensive methods considered."
The top surface of the pavers may also be chosen and treated to improve traction. [22] Armoured glass in concrete. Wrought iron, [18] [15] cast iron, [19] and stainless steel [23] frames have all been used. Reinforced concrete slabs began to replace iron frames in the 1890s in New York.
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