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The drug is occasionally used on an intermittent basis to prevent seizures in catamenial epilepsy. [10] The sulfur-containing antiseizure and antimigraine drug topiramate is a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly subtypes II and IV. [11] Whether carbonic anhydrase inhibition contributes to its clinical activity is not known.
Sultiame (or sulthiame) is a sulfonamide and inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. It is used as an anticonvulsant and in recent studies showed promise in reducing sleep disordered breathing and other symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. In the kidney, the control of bicarbonate ions influences the water content of the cell. The control of bicarbonate ions also influences the water content in the eyes. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build-up of water in the eyes.
Rarely, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. [44] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified prescribers that topiramate can cause acute myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma in a small subset of people who take topiramate regularly. [45]
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9/CA IX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is one of the 14 carbonic anhydrase isoforms found in humans and is a transmembrane dimeric metalloenzyme with an extracellular active site that facilitates acid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. [ 8 ]
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which is found in the proximal convoluted tubule. This results in several effects including bicarbonate accumulation in the urine and decreased sodium absorption. Drugs in this class include acetazolamide and methazolamide. [citation needed]
Isolated hyperchlorhidrosis, also known as Carbonic anhydrase XII deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by a lifelong tendency to lose massive amounts of sodium and chloride through sweat which leads to various symptoms.
The reaction catalyzed by CA1 is the same as other carbonic anhydrase family proteins: + (in tissues - high CO 2 concentration) [9]. The CA1-catalyzed reaction has a relatively low reaction affinity (Km) of 4.0 mM for CO 2, [7] [10] turnover number (Kcat) of 2 × 10 5 s −1, and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of 5 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 comparing to other isozymes of the α-CA family of ...