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The drug is occasionally used on an intermittent basis to prevent seizures in catamenial epilepsy. [10] The sulfur-containing antiseizure and antimigraine drug topiramate is a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly subtypes II and IV. [11] Whether carbonic anhydrase inhibition contributes to its clinical activity is not known.
Merck discontinued diclofenamide when better glaucoma drugs were developed. In 2010, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries bought the rights. [citation needed] In 2015, the F.D.A. approved it as an orphan drug, with 7-year exclusive marketing rights, for periodic paralysis, which the company estimates affects 5,000 people in the U.S. In 2016 ...
Sultiame (or sulthiame) is a sulfonamide and inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. It is used as an anticonvulsant and in recent studies showed promise in reducing sleep disordered breathing and other symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Rarely, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance. [44] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified prescribers that topiramate can cause acute myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma in a small subset of people who take topiramate regularly. [45]
For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. In the kidney, the control of bicarbonate ions influences the water content of the cell. The control of bicarbonate ions also influences the water content in the eyes. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build-up of water in the eyes.
Methazolamide (trade name Neptazane) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is indicated in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Also it is used preoperatively in acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma where lowering the IOP is desired before surgery.
Zonisamide is an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents. The precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed that the drug blocks sodium and T-type calcium channels , which leads to the suppression of neuronal hypersynchronization ...
Dorzolamide is a human carboanydrase II inhibitor. [11] Inhibition of carboanhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion supposedly by decreasing the formation rate of bicarbonate ions. [12] This results in reduction in both sodium and fluid transport. Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist. [13]