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  2. Primary nutritional groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_nutritional_groups

    The freed energy is stored as potential energy in ATP, carbohydrates, or proteins. Eventually, the energy is used for life processes such as moving, growth and reproduction. Plants and some bacteria can alternate between phototrophy and chemotrophy, depending on the availability of light.

  3. Microbial metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_metabolism

    Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce.Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics.

  4. Calvin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle

    In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecule ATP and the moderate-energy hydrogen carrier NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses these compounds to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds [ 5 ] that can be used by the organism (and by animals that feed on it).

  5. Autotroph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph

    An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms. Autotrophs produce complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates , fats , and proteins ) using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide, [ 1 ] generally using energy from light or ...

  6. Nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition

    The energy provided by macronutrients in food is measured in kilocalories, usually called Calories, where 1 Calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. [27] Carbohydrates are molecules that store significant amounts of energy. Animals digest and metabolize carbohydrates to obtain this energy.

  7. Phototroph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototroph

    This bacterium can use water as a source of electrons in order to perform CO 2 reduction reactions. A photolithoautotroph is an autotrophic organism that uses light energy, and an inorganic electron donor (e.g., H 2 O, H 2, H 2 S), and CO 2 as its carbon source.

  8. Chemosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis

    Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.. In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in ...

  9. Glyoxylate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

    The lipid stores of germinating seeds are used for the formation of the carbohydrates that fuel the growth and development of the organism. The glyoxylate cycle can also provide plants with another aspect of metabolic diversity. This cycle allows plants to take in acetate both as a carbon source and as a source of energy. Acetate is converted ...