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Rudolf Dreikurs (February 8, 1897, Vienna – May 25, 1972, Chicago) was an Austrian psychiatrist and educator who developed psychologist Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of reprehensible behaviour in children and for stimulating cooperative behaviour without punishment or reward.
Adler was an early advocate in psychology for prevention and emphasized the training of parents, teachers, social workers and so on in democratic approaches that allow a child to exercise their power through reasoned decision making whilst co-operating with others.
Dreikurs and Adler referred to their approach to teaching and parenting as "democratic". [3] Many other authors have carried on the parenting and classroom work of Alfred Adler. Jane Nelsen wrote and self-published Positive Discipline in 1981. In 1987 Positive Discipline was picked up by Ballantine, now a subsidiary of Random House. The latest ...
Democratic education is a type of formal education that is organized democratically, so that students can manage their own learning and participate in the governance of their educational environment. Democratic education is often specifically emancipatory, with the students' voices being equal to the teachers'. [1]
David W. Johnson (born 1940 in Muncie, Indiana) is a social psychologist whose research has focused on four overlapping areas: [1] cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts; constructive controversy; conflict resolution and peer mediation and experiential learning to teach interpersonal and small group skills. [2]
The International Democratic Education Conference (IDEC) has been held annually since 1993. The European Democratic Education Community (EUDEC) was founded in 2008. [28] In Israel, there is an Institute for Democratic Education [33] and the company Education Cities.
The approach is also beneficial on the part of the teacher because it is adaptable to both group and individual teaching. [16] While demonstration teaching, however, can be effective in teaching Math, Science, and Art, it can prove ineffective in a classroom setting that calls for the accommodation of the learners' individual needs. [12]
Education sciences, [1] also known as education studies, education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, [2] seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education , educational research , instructional theory , curriculum theory and psychology , philosophy , sociology ...