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Administrating two reinforcement schedules at the same time Concurrent schedules – A complex reinforcement procedure in which the participant can choose any one of two or more simple reinforcement schedules that are available simultaneously. Organisms are free to change back and forth between the response alternatives at any time.
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization.
Of the concepts and procedures described in this article, a few of the most salient are the following: (a) availability of primary reinforcement (e.g. a bag of dog yummies); (b) the use of secondary reinforcement, (e.g. sounding a clicker immediately after a desired response, then giving yummy); (c) contingency, assuring that reinforcement (e.g ...
Reinforcement is a process of speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation (further divided to pre-zygotic isolation and post-zygotic isolation) between two populations of species. This occurs as a result of selection acting against the production of hybrid individuals of low fitness.
Additionally, participants who were rewarded for completing the easy task performed worse on the free choice task than those who were not rewarded. [17] Another similar study found that the secondary effort reinforcement, both positive and negative, is equally transferable to tasks other than the one originally used in the conditioning. [18]
BS 4482: Steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete products. Specification (2005) BS 4483: Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete. Specification (2005) BS 6744: Stainless steel bars for the reinforcement of and use in concrete. Requirements and test methods. (2001/2009) DIN 488-1: Reinforcing steels - Part 1: Grades, properties ...
Studies of reinforcement in nature often prove difficult, as alternative explanations for the detected patterns can be asserted. [3]: 358 Nevertheless, empirical evidence exists for reinforcement occurring across various taxa [7] and its role in precipitating speciation is conclusive. [8]
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