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In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires (see first figure below) is often called Ampère's force law. The physical origin of this force is that each wire generates a magnetic field , following the Biot–Savart law , and the other wire experiences a magnetic force as a consequence, following ...
André-Marie Ampère (UK: / ˈ æ m p ɛər /, US: / ˈ æ m p ɪər /; [1] French: [ɑ̃dʁe maʁi ɑ̃pɛʁ]; 20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836) [2] was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as electrodynamics.
Ampère's force law describes the experimentally-derived fact that, for two thin, straight, stationary, parallel wires, a distance r apart, in each of which a current I flows, the force per unit length, F m /L, that one wire exerts upon the other in the vacuum of free space would be given by .
[55]: 189–192 Later, Franz Ernst Neumann proved that, for a moving conductor in a magnetic field, induction is a consequence of Ampère's force law. [55]: 222 In the process, he introduced the magnetic vector potential, which was later shown to be equivalent to the underlying mechanism proposed by Faraday. [55]: 225
The third of Maxwell's equations is called the Ampère–Maxwell law. It states that a magnetic field can be generated by an electric current. [13] The direction of the magnetic field is given by Ampère's right-hand grip rule. If the wire is straight, then the magnetic field is curled around it like the gripped fingers in the right-hand rule.
The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles.
The Ethiopian government used money from a World Bank-financed health and education initiative to brutally evict thousands of villagers , according to former government officials who helped carry out the forced removals. The World Bank, the planet's most influential development lender, has denied responsibility.
The four equations we use today appeared separately in Maxwell's 1861 paper, On Physical Lines of Force: Equation (56) in Maxwell's 1861 paper is Gauss's law for magnetism, ∇ • B = 0. Equation (112) is Ampère's circuital law, with Maxwell's addition of displacement current.