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In the 1940s, research in leadership began straying away from identifying individual leadership traits, to analyzing the effects of certain leadership behaviors – predominantly task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership. [4] The table below compares task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles side-by-side:
They also identified three critical characteristics of effective leaders – task-oriented behavior, relationship-oriented behavior and participative leadership. [2] The studies concluded that an employee orientation rather than a production orientation, coupled with general instead of close supervision, led to better results.
According to Fiedler, there is no ideal leader. Both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leaders can be effective if their leadership orientation fits the situation. When there is a good leader-member relation, a highly structured task, and high leader position power, the situation is considered a "favorable situation".
Reviews of research on these dimensions are described in Stogdill's Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research and Littrell's Explicit leader behaviour. According to the findings of these studies, leaders exhibit two types of behaviors to facilitate goal accomplishment: People-oriented (consideration) Task oriented (initiating ...
Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership; Theory of constraints; Three levels of leadership model; Toxic leader; Trait leadership; Transactional leadership; Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji; Transcendent Leadership; Transformational leadership
Upload file; Special pages; ... Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership; Technology ...
Leadership studies is a multidisciplinary academic field of study that focuses on leadership in organizational contexts and in human life. Leadership studies has origins in the social sciences (e.g., sociology, anthropology, psychology), in humanities (e.g., history and philosophy), as well as in professional and applied fields of study (e.g., management and education).
According to this model, as a leader became more relationship oriented, he became less task oriented. [7] In 1964 Fred Fiedler published the Fiedler Contingency Model of leadership that recognized that the style of leadership that was most effective depended upon the context in which the style was applied. Leadership behavior was modeled as a ...