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Numerous pinning techniques have been proposed, however there is not enough evidence to determine which is more effective. [1] Pinning involves the manipulation, with X-ray guidance, of the fracture into an acceptable position, and the immediate insertion of metal pins, called Kirschner wires, through the skin, into one bone fragment and across the fracture line into the other bone fragment.
Pin tract infection: Because K-wires often pass through the skin into bone they form a potential passage for bacteria from the skin to migrate into the bone and cause an infection. In such cases, the area around the pin becomes red and swollen and may start to drain pus. Usually this infection clears up after removal of the pin.
These side effects are treated by lowering the level of weight applied. [41] Some patients may suffer from motor paresis after the application of the device. Typically it is present in patients with preexisting spinal cord abnormalities. [29]: 389 Generally, HGT does not cause neurological side effects due to the slow progression of traction ...
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. [1]
After a period of dynamisation, the frame can be removed. This is a relatively simple procedure often performed under gas and air analgesic. The rings are removed by cutting the olive wires using wire cutters. The wires are then removed by first sterilising them and then pulling them through the leg using pliers.
Before and after effects of bunionplasty. At present there are many different bunion surgeries for different effects. The age, health, lifestyle and activity level of the patient may also play a role in the choice of procedure. Traditional bunion surgery can be performed under local, spinal or general anesthetic.
The earliest IM nails were triangular or V-shaped in cross-section. Later they were modified to their present and more rotationally stable clover-leaf shape. [2] Several modifications and shapes were introduced subsequently for various bones such as V-nails for tibia, radius [5] and ulna nails, Rusch nails etc.
For feet with the typical components of deformity (cavus, forefoot adductus, hindfoot varus, and ankle equinus), the typical procedure is a Posteromedial Release (PMR) surgery. This is done through an incision across the medial side of the foot and ankle, that extends posteriorly, and sometimes around to the lateral side of the foot.