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The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
Specific heat capacity often varies with temperature, and is different for each state of matter. Liquid water has one of the highest specific heat capacities among common substances, about 4184 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 at 20 °C; but that of ice, just below 0 °C, is only 2093 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1.
Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat , and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result ...
Reduced specific heat for KCl, TiO2, and graphite, compared with the Debye theory based on elastic measurements (solid lines) [1]. In thermodynamics and solid-state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 to estimate phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid. [2]
The easiest thermodynamic models, also known as equations of state, can come from simple correlations that relate different thermodynamic properties using a linear or second-order polynomial function of temperature and pressures. They are generally fitted using experimental data available for that specific properties.
An additional factor for all types of specific heat capacities (including molar specific heats) then further reflects degrees of freedom available to the atoms composing the substance, at various temperatures. For most liquids, the volumetric heat capacity is narrower, for example octane at 1.64 MJ⋅K −1 ⋅m −3 or ethanol at 1.9. This ...
The heat capacity of an object, denoted by , is the limit =, where is the amount of heat that must be added to the object (of mass M) in order to raise its temperature by . The value of this parameter usually varies considerably depending on the starting temperature T {\displaystyle T} of the object and the pressure p {\displaystyle p} applied ...
Temperature increase becomes relevant for relatively small-cross-sections wires, where it may affect normal semiconductor behavior. Besides, since the generation of heat is proportional to the frequency of operation for switching circuits, fast computers have larger heat generation than slow ones, an undesired effect for chips manufacturers.