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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes [jargon] of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next, [1] [2] [3] [unreliable source?] most commonly humans, show dogs, and race horses.
The chromosomes in each pair, one of which comes from the sperm and one from the egg, are said to be homologous. Cells and organisms with pairs of homologous chromosomes are called diploid. For example, most animals are diploid and produce haploid gametes.
The International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN; previously the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature) is an international standard for human chromosome nomenclature, which includes band names, symbols, and abbreviated terms used in the description of human chromosome and chromosome abnormalities.
Chromosomes display a banded pattern when treated with some stains. Bands are alternating light and dark stripes that appear along the lengths of chromosomes. Unique banding patterns are used to identify chromosomes and to diagnose chromosomal aberrations, including chromosome breakage, loss, duplication, translocation or inverted segments.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons ... each of which contains an incomplete list of genes located on that chromosome, are as ...
Schematic karyogram showing the human genome, with 23 chromosome pairs, and the human mitochondrial genome to scale at bottom left (annotated "MT").Its genome is relatively tiny compared to the rest, and its copy number per human cell varies from 0 (erythrocytes) [1] up to 1,500,000 ().
Genome sizes and corresponding composition of six major model organisms as pie charts. The increase in genome size correlates with the vast expansion of noncoding (i.e., intronic, intergenic, and interspersed repeat sequences) and repeat DNA (e.g., satellite, LINEs, short interspersed nuclear element (SINEs), DNA (Alu sequence), in red) sequences in more complex multicellular organisms.