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The end product of the glutaminase reaction, glutamate, is a strong inhibitor of the reaction. Changes in glutamate dehydrogenase, which converts glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate and thereby decreases intramitochondrial glutamate levels, are thereby an important regulatory mechanism of glutaminase activity.
Liver diseases in which necrosis of hepatocytes is the predominant event, such as toxic liver damage or hypoxic liver disease, are characterised by high serum GLDH levels. GLDH is important for distinguishing between acute viral hepatitis and acute toxic liver necrosis or acute hypoxic liver disease, particularly in the case of liver damage ...
Hydrolysis of the amino group of glutamine yielding glutamate and ammonium. Catalyzing enzyme: glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) 2. Glutamate can be excreted or can be further metabolized to α-ketoglutarate. For the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate three different reactions are possible: Catalyzing enzymes: glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), EC ...
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
In hyperammonemic environments (high levels of ammonia), astroglial swelling occurs. [14] [16] [17] Different perspectives have approached the problem of astroglial swelling. One study shows that morphological changes occur that increase GS expression in glutamatergic areas or other adaptations that alleviates high levels of glutamate and ...
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, gamma-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; [1] EC 2.3.2.2) is a transferase (a type of enzyme) that catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate).
These levels previously were called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). Elevated levels are sensitive for liver injury, meaning that they are likely to be present if there is injury.
The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]
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