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  2. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

    Sodium hydroxide is a popular strong base used in industry. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of sodium salts and detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. In bulk, it is most often handled as an aqueous solution, [28] since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle.

  3. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    In one simplified version, the saponification of stearin gives sodium stearate. C 3 H 5 (O 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3) 3 + 3 NaOH → C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 + 3 NaO 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3. This process is the main industrial method for producing glycerol (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3). Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out ...

  4. Lye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye

    Both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used in making soap. Potassium hydroxide soaps are softer and more easily dissolved in water than sodium hydroxide soaps. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are not interchangeable in either the proportions required or the properties produced in making soaps. [citation needed] "Hot process ...

  5. Saponification value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification_value

    Handmade soap makers who aim for bar soap use sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as lye, rather than KOH (caustic potash) which produces soft paste, gel or liquid soaps. In order to calculate the lye amount needed to make bar soap, KOH values of SV can be converted to NaOH values by dividing KOH values by the ratio of the molecular weights ...

  6. Pears (soap) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pears_(soap)

    Pears soap was made using a process entirely different from that for other soaps. A mixture of tallow and other fats was saponified by an alkali.Clearly, this is currently caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), since the ingredients list shows sodium salts of fatty acids, but a chemist reports that in the 1960s, caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) was used.

  7. Shaving soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaving_soap

    Sodium hydroxide creates a harder soap such as is used in pucks, where potassium hydroxide facilitates creation of a softer soap which loads on the brush more easily. [6] Historically, tallow has been a popular ingredient in shaving soaps and is still in use in some traditional products.

  8. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  9. Chemical drain cleaners - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_drain_cleaners

    Drain cleaners usually contain a strong base such as sodium hydroxide that decomposes hair and converts fats into water-soluble products. The reaction is exothermic, releasing heat to soften the fats. Drain cleaners can also contain aluminum, which reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce bubbles of hydrogen gas that help to break up the clog. [11]