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The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
A cell type is a classification used to identify cells that share morphological or phenotypical features. [1] A multicellular organism may contain cells of a number of widely differing and specialized cell types, such as muscle cells and skin cells , that differ both in appearance and function yet have identical genomic sequences .
Those cells' differentiation (that is, lymphopoiesis) is not complete until they migrate to lymphatic organs such as the spleen and thymus for programming by antigen challenge. Thus, among leukocytes , the term myeloid is associated with the innate immune system , in contrast to lymphoid , which is associated with the adaptive immune system .
With a diameter of 15–22 μm, monocytes are the largest cell type in peripheral blood. [2] [3] Monocytes are mononuclear cells and the ellipsoidal nucleus is often lobulated/indented, causing a bean-shaped or kidney-shaped appearance. [4] Monocytes compose 2% to 10% of all leukocytes in the human body.
The chief cells are organized as dense cords surrounding the capillaries in the parathyroid. [4] Chief cells appear as a dark purple in an H&E stain, with the oxyphil cells staining as a lighter pink. [3] They are polygonal in shape with a round nucleus. [2] Chief cells spend most time inactive due to normal calcium level conditions.
Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells. Haematopoiesis (/ h ɪ ˌ m æ t ə p ɔɪ ˈ iː s ɪ s, ˌ h iː m ə t oʊ-, ˌ h ɛ m ə-/; [1] [2] from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma) 'blood' and ποιεῖν (poieîn) 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English, sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular ...
These cells are some of the largest neurons in the human brain (Betz cells being the largest), [5] with an intricately elaborate dendritic arbor, characterized by a large number of dendritic spines. Purkinje cells are found within the Purkinje layer in the cerebellum. Purkinje cells are aligned like dominos stacked one in
The most primitive T cells retain multipotential ability and can differentiate into cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages (B cells, DC, T cells, or NK cells). More differentiated double negative T cells (DN2 cells) have more limited potentiality but are not yet fully restricted to the T cell lineage (they can still develop into DC, T cells ...