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Recursion allows direct implementation of functionality defined by mathematical induction and recursive divide and conquer algorithms. Here is an example of a recursive function in C/C++ to find Fibonacci numbers:
The n-Fibonacci constant is the ratio toward which adjacent -Fibonacci numbers tend; it is also called the n th metallic mean, and it is the only positive root of =. For example, the case of n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} is 1 + 5 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}} , or the golden ratio , and the case of n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2} is 1 + 2 ...
The Fibonacci sequence is constant-recursive: each element of the sequence is the sum of the previous two. Hasse diagram of some subclasses of constant-recursive sequences, ordered by inclusion In mathematics , an infinite sequence of numbers s 0 , s 1 , s 2 , s 3 , … {\displaystyle s_{0},s_{1},s_{2},s_{3},\ldots } is called constant ...
A recursive step — a set of rules that reduces all successive cases toward the base case. For example, the following is a recursive definition of a person's ancestor. One's ancestor is either: One's parent (base case), or; One's parent's ancestor (recursive step). The Fibonacci sequence is another classic example of recursion: Fib(0) = 0 as ...
A Fibonacci prime is a Fibonacci number that is prime. The first few are: [47] 2, 3, 5, 13, 89, 233, 1597, 28657, 514229, ... Fibonacci primes with thousands of digits have been found, but it is not known whether there are infinitely many. [48] F kn is divisible by F n, so, apart from F 4 = 3, any Fibonacci prime must have a prime index.
Fibonacci search has an average- and worst-case complexity of O(log n) (see Big O notation). The Fibonacci sequence has the property that a number is the sum of its two predecessors. Therefore the sequence can be computed by repeated addition. The ratio of two consecutive numbers approaches the Golden ratio, 1.618... Binary search works by ...
The Y combinator allows recursion to be defined as a set of rewrite rules, [21] without requiring native recursion support in the language. [22] In programming languages that support anonymous functions, fixed-point combinators allow the definition and use of anonymous recursive functions, i.e. without having to bind such functions to identifiers.
The actual values are only computed when needed. For example, one could create a function that creates an infinite list (often called a stream) of Fibonacci numbers. The calculation of the n-th Fibonacci number would be merely the extraction of that element from the infinite list, forcing the evaluation of only the first n members of the list.