Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Must be at least V MC for reciprocating-engine aircraft, or 1.05 V MC for commuter category aircraft. [28] In discussions of the takeoff performance of military aircraft, the term V ref stands for refusal speed. Refusal speed is the maximum speed during takeoff from which the air vehicle can stop within the available remaining runway length for ...
V REF speed, the reference landing approach speed of an aircraft; see V speeds § Regulatory V-speeds; Voltage reference, an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of other factors; Volvo Research and Educational Foundations, a group of four foundations headed by Jose Holguin-Veras
They are defined in terms of V REF of a given aircraft, or if V REF is not specified, 1.3 V s0 at the maximum certificated landing weight. The values of V REF , V S0 , and the maximum certificated landing weight are established for the aircraft by the certification authority of the country of registry.
Given two numerical quantities, v ref and v with v ref some reference value, their actual change, actual difference, or absolute change is Δv = v − v ref.. The term absolute difference is sometimes also used even though the absolute value is not taken; the sign of Δ typically is uniform, e.g. across an increasing data series.
For example, V USB for the supply delivered to a USB device (nominally 5 V), V BAT for a battery, or V ref for the reference voltage for an analog-to-digital converter. Systems combining both digital and analog circuits often distinguish digital and analog grounds (GND and AGND), helping isolate digital noise from sensitive analog circuits.
Depending on which bits are set to 1 and which to 0, the output voltage (V out) will have a corresponding stepped value between 0 and V ref minus the value of the minimal step, corresponding to bit 0. The actual value of V ref (and the voltage of logic 0) will depend on the type of technology used to generate the digital signals. [7]
Reference voltage vs free-air temperature at test conditions. Design-center (middle plot) and worst-case deviation of ±2% (upper and lower plots) [12] The nominal reference voltage, V REF =2.495 V, stated in a datasheet, is tested in zener mode at an ambient temperature of +25 °C (77 °F), and I CA =10 mA. [13]
The most common voltage reference circuit used in integrated circuits is the bandgap voltage reference. A bandgap-based reference (commonly just called a 'bandgap') uses analog circuits to add a multiple of the voltage difference between two bipolar junctions biased at different current densities to the voltage developed across a diode. The ...