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The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Per the end-to-end principle , congestion control is largely a function of internet hosts , not the network itself.
TCP Vegas is one of several flavors of TCP congestion avoidance algorithms. It is one of a series of efforts at TCP tuning that adapt congestion control and system behaviors to new challenges faced by increases in available bandwidth in Internet components on networks like Internet2. [7] [8]
The final main aspect of TCP is congestion control. TCP uses a number of mechanisms to achieve high performance and avoid congestive collapse, a gridlock situation where network performance is severely degraded. These mechanisms control the rate of data entering the network, keeping the data flow below a rate that would trigger collapse.
Networks use congestion control and congestion avoidance techniques to try to avoid collapse. These include: exponential backoff in protocols such as CSMA/CA in 802.11 and the similar CSMA/CD in the original Ethernet , window reduction in TCP , and fair queueing in devices such as routers and network switches .
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol and is defined in RFC 3168 (2001). ECN allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets.
Together, TCP and UDP comprise essentially all traffic on the Internet and are the only protocols implemented in every major operating system. Additional transport layer protocols that have been defined and implemented include the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) and the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
Nagle's algorithm is a means of improving the efficiency of TCP/IP networks by reducing the number of packets that need to be sent over the network. It was defined by John Nagle while working for Ford Aerospace. It was published in 1984 as a Request for Comments (RFC) with title Congestion Control in IP/TCP Internetworks in RFC 896.
The role of congestion control is to moderate the rate at which data is transmitted, "congestion", according to the capacity of the network and the rate at which other users are transmitting. Like TCP Vegas , FAST TCP [ 2 ] [ 3 ] uses queueing delay instead of loss probability as a congestion signal.
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related to: tcp internet congestion control