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Higher-order programming is a style of computer programming that uses software components, like functions, modules or objects, as values. It is usually instantiated with, or borrowed from, models of computation such as lambda calculus which make heavy use of higher-order functions. A programming language can be considered higher-order if ...
If this is put in an if-then-else structure, it can be shown that this has the expected result (T)NOT = T(F)(T) = F (F)NOT = F(F)(T) = T. Boolean OR (which returns T if either of the two Boolean values surrounding it is T) works the same as an if-then-else structure with T as the second value, so it can be implemented as an infix operation: OR ...
[16] [17] And with certain programs the number of steps may be much smaller, for example a specific family of lambda terms using Church numerals take an infinite amount of steps with call-by-value (i.e. never complete), an exponential number of steps with call-by-name, but only a polynomial number with call-by-need.
In this case particular lambda terms (which define functions) are considered as values. "Running" (beta reducing) the fixed-point combinator on the encoding gives a lambda term for the result which may then be interpreted as fixed-point value. Alternately, a function may be considered as a lambda term defined purely in lambda calculus.
Where func receives as arguments the result of the previous operation (or the initial value on the first iteration); the current item; the current item's index or key; and a reference to the obj: Clojure (reduce func initval list) (reduce func initval (reverse list)) (reduce func list) (reduce func (reverse list)) See also clojure.core.reducers ...
In computer science, a generator is a routine that can be used to control the iteration behaviour of a loop.All generators are also iterators. [1] A generator is very similar to a function that returns an array, in that a generator has parameters, can be called, and generates a sequence of values.
Lambda calculus is Turing complete, that is, it is a universal model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine. [3] Its namesake, the Greek letter lambda (λ), is used in lambda expressions and lambda terms to denote binding a variable in a function.
If-then-else flow diagram A nested if–then–else flow diagram. In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition.