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Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes". [5]
Conventions I–IV and Protocols I and II ratified as the Soviet Union. Declaration under Article 90 of Protocol 1 withdrawn in 2019. [34] [35] Rwanda: 1964 1984 1984 — 1993 Saint Kitts and Nevis: 1986 1986 1986 — 2014 Saint Lucia: 1981 1982 1982 — — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1981 1983 1983 — 2013 Samoa: 1984 1984 1984 — —
A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war. The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
The conventions, with roots dating to the 19th century, aims to set rules around the conduct of war: They ban torture and sexual violence, require humane treatment of detainees and mandate searches for missing persons. The conventions “reflect a global consensus that all wars have limits,” Spoljaric told reporters at ICRC headquarters in ...
The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [4] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."
In 1977, Protocol I was adopted as an amendment to the Geneva Conventions, prohibiting the deliberate or indiscriminate attack of civilians and civilian objects, even if the area contained military objectives, and the attacking force must take precautions and steps to spare the lives of civilians and civilian objects as possible. However ...
[7] [1] [8] Madagascar and Saint Kitts and Nevis are parties only to the convention, while Cape Verde, the United States of America and Venezuela are parties only to the Protocol. Since the US ratified the Protocol in 1968, it undertook a majority of the obligations spelled out in the original 1951 document (Articles 2-34), and Article 1 as ...
Former UN official Mukesh Kapila writes on why it’s pretty much impossible to protect civilians in urban warfare, where there’s no clear frontline and fighters and non-combatants are intermingled.